Mengenal 12 Teks Bahasa Inggris dengan Mudah (Chapter 10)

Defenition of  Descriptive Text

Descriptive text adalah salah satu jenis teks yang menggambarkan atau mendeskripsikan tentang sesuatu atau seseorang.

Social function of Descriptive Text

The purpose of descriptive text is to describe an object in detail. Tujuan dari descriptive text adalah mendeskripsikan atau menggambarkan suatu objek secara detail (rinci). Objek-objek ini bisa berupa orang, hewan, benda, atau tempat.

Misalnya descriptive text tentang seekor hewan. Teks tersebut dapat memuat berbagai informasi tentang deskripsi fisik, makanan, habitat, asal usul, perkembangbiakkan, hingga fakta-fakta unik yang terkait.

Ingat, descriptive text hanya menjelaskan satu objek tertentu secara detail. Jadi, kalau kamu mau membuat sebuah descriptive text, kamu bisa menjelaskan ciri-ciri salah satu kucing peliharaanmu, bukan menjelaskan ciri-ciri kucing secara umum yang ada di dunia.

Language features of Descriptive Text

Descriptive text memiliki karakteristik atau ciri-ciri kebahasaan sebagai berikut: 

1. Specific participant: memiliki objek tertentu, tidak bersifat umum dan unik (hanya ada satu). Misalnya: Uncle Jack, Borobudur Temple.
2. Penggunaan adjective (kata sifat) untuk memperjelas noun (kata benda). Misalnya: a handsome man, a beautiful woman.
3. Penggunaan simple present tense: Pola kalimat yang digunakan adalah simple present karena menceritakan fakta dari objek yang dideskripsikan.
4. Action verbs: terdapat kata kerja yang menunjukkan sebuah kegiatan (aktivitasnya dapat dilihat). Misalnya: run, walk, cut, etc.

Generic Structure of Descriptive Text

Untuk menulis sebuah teks deskripsi struktur yang membangunnya adalah sebagai berikut:

1.Identification (identifikasi): gambaran umum tentang suatu topik.  

Bagian ini biasanya ada di paragraf awal. Struktur descriptive text ini bertujuan untuk menjabarkan apa yang akan dibicarakan di paragraf tersebut. Sehingga bagian ini baru berupa informasi general.

Misalnya descriptive text tentang tempat. Bagian identification bisa berisi tentang di mana letak tempat tersebut, berada di negara apa, atau daerah apa.

Tapi perlu diingat di bagian ini penjelasanya belum spesifik, hanya pengenalan dengan tempat tersebut. Penjelasannya cuma informasi umum.

2. Description (deskripsi): penjelasan berisi ciri-ciri khusus yang dimiliki benda, tempat, atau orang yang dideskripsikan.

Di bagian ini pembahasannya secara spesifik. Bisa deskripsikan objek yang dipilih dengan lebih detail.

Jika mendeskripsikan gunung misalnya, bisa bahas tentang ketinggiannya, jaraknya hingga temperatur saat berada di situ. Bisa juga tambahkan informasi lain seperti aktivitas apa aja yang bisa dilakukan di situ.

Untuk bagian ini gunakan panca indera untuk membuat descriptive text. Tulis tentang apa yang dilihat di sana atau indera perasa menjelaskan suhu di tempat tersebut. Panca indera bisa jadi guideline untuk menulis bagian descriptions.

Example of Descriptive Text

1.Description about a place

Uluwatu Temple is a tourist destination located in the Pecatu area, Badung Regency. It is a sacred building, it’s no wonder that all tourists when visiting must wear a Poleng cloth.

One of the beauties of this temple lies in the afternoon, tourists can see the Kecak dance performance. The dance moves are great, especially when the sun is setting. It’s a very beautiful sight.

2. Description about someone 

I have a classmate at school. Her name is Mark Lee. We met often to play and he was always nice to me. Mark’s body was tall and well-proportioned. His slender body made his friends envious. Mark also has an actor-like face which many female students like.

He has straight hair with black color. His hobbies are running, swimming and writing a poem. Mark is not only handsome, but also very friendly to his friends and polite to his teachers. Mark always smiled for those who greeted him. Every morning, Mark and I used to go to school together.

At school, wherever I went, Mark was always with me. He is quite hyperactive and has a funny response. During the holidays, Mark often came to my house to play. Sometimes Mark would also stay at my house and come home in the morning. We often go outside to visit exciting places.

3. Description about an animal

I have a rabbit. His fur is white and has black spots. He has long ears and a short tail.

He also has cute red big eyes! My rabbit likes to eat carrot and other vegetables. When I release my rabbit out of his cage, he used to jump everywhere and hard to catch. 

So, I could just put him on his cage because I’m afraid that he might running away. I don’t wanna lost my rabbit because I love him very much.

4. Description about thing 

I have a laptop. My father bought it for me last month. It is a nice laptop with black color. It has a 14 inch screen. This is the latest product from Asus.

The performance of this laptop is also great. I can play games that require high specification using it. I can also play music, watch movies and draw using it. And the most important thing is that I can typing using it. So, if I have the assignment from my teacher, it will help me. I also can find many references from internet using my laptop.

I really like this new laptop. Because it always be helpful to me in various situations.

EXERCISES

The following text is for questions 1 to  3!

Natural Bridge National Park

Bridge National Park is a luscious tropical rainforest.

It is located 110 kilometers from south of Brisbane and is reached by following the Pacific Highway to Nerang and then by travelling through the Numinbah Valley. This scenic roadway lies in the shadow of Lamington National Park.

The phenomenon of the rock formed into a natural ‘arch’ and the cave through which a waterfall cascades is a short one-kilometer walk below a dense rainforest canopy from the main picnic area. Swimming is permitted in the rock pools. Night-time visitors to the cave will discover the unique feature of the glow worms. Picnic areas offer toilets, barbeque, shelter sheds, water and fireplaces; however, overnight camping is not permitted.

1.What is the function of paragraph 1?
A. as an identification
B. as an orientation
C. as a thesis
D. as a classification

2. The genre of the text is …
A. report
B. description
C. narrative
D. explanation

3. What is the communicative purpose of the text?
A. to present two points of views about natural bridge national park
B. to retell the bridge national park
C. to describe the bridge national park
D. to persuade readers to treat preserve the bridge national park

The following text is for questions number 4 and 5

Today, my aunt comes to visit our house. She’s my favorite aunt. Her name is Isma. She’s very beautiful. Her height is 168 cm with weight 52 kg. Her skin is fair. She has black and round eyes. Her nose is sharp. She has long wavy hair.

My aunt is a Science teacher in Junior High School. Her students like her so much because she is kind and friendly. She is patient too. She doesn’t get angry even if her students are naughty. She is also well loved by our family members. I always wait for her visit to my house.

4. What is the topic of the text?
A. A Science Teacher
B. Beautiful aunt
C. Isma’s aunt
D. Writer’s favorite aunt

5. The last paragraph mostly talks about …..
A. The writer’s aunt in general
B. The writer’s aunt’s physical description
C. The writer’s aunt’s characteristics
D. The visit of writer’s aunt

Do Your Best

Kreator : Sitti Aman