Mengenal 12 Teks Bahasa Inggris dengan Mudah (Chapter 8)

REPORT TEXT

Defenition of  Report Text

R

eport text merupakan salah satu jenis teks yang menjelaskan secara umum tentang sebuah objek.  Report text umumnya berisikan tentang fakta-fakta yang ada di lapangan dan dapat dibuktikan kebenarannya. Penjelasan yang ada dalam teks report berdasarkan hasil pengamatan, penelitian, observasi maupun studi mengenai objek yang dijelaskan.

Social function of Report Text

Tujuan utama dari report text adalah untuk menginformasikan tentang suatu objek berdasarkan fakta, sebagai hasil dari pengamatan baik sistematis maupun analisis. Gambaran yang di sampaikan dapat berupa bencana alam, perubahan alam atau lingkungan, suatu benda, dan kasus social. Sehingga, dalam hal ini, report text sering kali digunakan untuk menyusun proposal atau laporan observasi sebuah hasil penelitian atau pengamatan tentang suatu hal dan peristiwa.

Language features of Report Text

Dimuat dari buku Jenis-Jenis Teks dalam Bahasa Inggris oleh Joko Prayudha, report text memiliki sembilan ciri-ciri yang perlu diketahui pembaca agar dapat membedakannya dengan descriptive text. Berikut ciri-cirinya:
1. Report text berisi mengenai fakta-fakta ilmiah.
2. Judul report text terlihat umum (mudah dikenali oleh pembaca yang tidak memiliki kompetensi pada keilmuan topik report text tersebut).
3. Biasanya disertai gambar serta data statistik untuk membuktikan hasil dari pengamatan penulis.
4. Kalimat report text menggunakan pola kalimat simple present tense.
5. Report text menggunakan kata benda umum seperti pada language feature general nouns.
6. Menggunakan kata kerja yang saling berhubungan, sesuai dengan language featurenya yaitu linking verbs atau relative verbs.
7. Report text terdiri dari suatu objek dan ditambah dengan objek lain.
8. Report text menjelaskan mengenai berbagai macam kelompok dan bukan individu secara khusus.
9. Report text menggunakan conditional logical conjunction, contohnya so, when, dan lain sebagainya.

Generic Structure of Report Text

Report text memiliki struktur teks sendiri agar isi di dalam laporan ilmiah tersusun dengan baik. Struktur dari teks ini ialah:
1. General Classification

General classification yaitu bagian pertama yang memuat berbagai informasi umum berdasarkan hasil observasi yang telah dilakukan oleh penulis, hasil observasi tersebut dapat berupa hewan, fenomena alam, tumbuhan dan topik-topik lain secara detail. Misalnya, klasifikasi umum hewan-hewan mamalia yaitu anjing, kucing, gajah, panda, dan koala.

2. Descriptions
Bagian ini memberikan gambaran dari fenomena-fenomena yang terjadi, baik bagian-bagiannya, sifat-sifatnya, kebiasaannya, ataupun tingkah lakunya. Intinya adalah penjabaran dari klasifikasi yang disajikan secara ilmiah, contohnya, penulis bisa mendeskripsikan kebiasaan hewan mamalia, ciri-ciri, jenis, dan makanan apa yang mereka suka makan.

Example of Report Text

Sama seperti jenis teks atau tulisan lain, report text Bahasa Inggris juga memiliki jenis yang berbeda-beda. Beberapa contoh text report antara lain reference articles (referensi artikel), lectures (pembelajaran), scientific articles (artikel dalam bentuk penelitian), maupun textbooks (tulisan dalam buku). Di bawah ini jenis report text serta contoh report text singkat dengan bagian-bagiannya.

1.Cats

General classification

Cats are one of the members of Felidae, an animal family that consists of lions, tigers, bobcats, and cats. They are also called domestic cats or house cats, and their latin name is Felis catus. The domesticated cats have been human companions for around 9,500 years. Nowadays, they are very popular. Many people keep them as pets,

Descriptions

On average, the weight of domestic cats ranges from 2.7 to 4.5 kg. The average lengths are 71.1 cm for male cats and 50.8 cm for female cats. In addition, cats maintain their energy by sleeping a lot. They can sleep for 12 to 16 hours a day.

Cats possess sharp claws on their feet that they use to catch their prey, fight, and climb. Despite having a sensitive vision, they cannot see very dark surroundings very well. However, they have a good balance. They are able to quickly pick themselves up when they fall. One of the unique characteristics of cats is they walk on their toes. Moreover, cats like to keep themselves clean by licking their body.

Sumber:https://www.ruangguru.com/blog/apa-saja-structure-of-information-report-text

2. Human Skin 

General Classification

Skin is the outer layer of the body. In human beings, it is the most important and largest organ of the system that covers our body. Our skin has a function to protect the human body from infection, also maintain fluid balance, extreme temperatures, and synthesize vitamin D for personal needs. It also has a function to shield physical structure. 

Descriptions

Skin has three main layers, which are Epidermis or Stratum, Dermis, and Hypodermis or skin layers that have their individual tasks and need each other. The stratum layer is the outer layer of the skin. This layer doesn’t contain blood vessels, and is made from Merkel cells, keratinocytes, with melanocytes and Langerhans cells. Beneath the stratum layer, there is Dermis or corium layer. This layer contains hair follicles, sweat glands, fat glands, apocrine glands, body fluid vessels and blood vessels. This layer is connected to the cuticle layer with the basement membrane. Structurally, this layer is split into 2 regions, that the region next to the cuticle referred to as the process region, and also the thick inner region that’s called the crisscrossed region. What is more, there’s layer that situated below the derma layer. This layer is thought as hypodermic tissue. Layer serves to connect the skin to the underlying bone and muscle and provide them with blood vessels and nerves. the mixture of those 3 main layers has a mean thickness of 1 mm. 

sumber.https://akupintar.id/info-pintar/-/blogs/contoh-report-text-generic-structure-dalam-bahasa-inggris#:~:text=Sama%20seperti%20jenis%20teks%20atau,textbooks%20(tulisan%20dalam%20buku).

3. Home Builder

General classification
A builder is a person who constructs something by putting parts or materials together into a complete home over some time. Do you know what and how many types of home builders are?

Descriptions

In the building industry, there are several different types of home builders. We often hear the terms custom homebuilder, spec home builder, and tract home builder. Custom Home Builders are generally small-volume builders and build the only home on your land. They may offer design or build services, or maybe they are just general contracting services.

Spec Home Builders are grouped based on the builder who buys lots or land, builds a house, and then sells the house. The builder speculates that he will make money from the transaction by purchasing a lot and constructing a custom or semi-custom house on the land.

Tract or Production Home Builders is a developer or builder who owns a large plot (tract) of land divided into several small areas for stock floor plan houses to be built. The Tract or Production builder generally has a model of the building that will be the design of the house built on these lots.

Sumber:https://www.quipper.com/id/blog/mapel/bahasa-inggris/report-text/

EXERCISES

Choose the best answer based on the following text for questions 1 to  5!

Reptiles

What did the first reptiles look like? They were probably very much like the amphibians they came from, but their skins may have been more scaly. One of the first reptiles we know of live about 300 million year ago. It’s called a romeriscus

(Taken from Nature in Danger, 1995)

1.What kind of text is it? It is ……
A. Narrative
B. Procedure
C. Recount
D. Report

2. What is the title of the text?
A. Reptiles
B. Romeriscus
C. Alligator
D. Snake

3. What is the purpose of the text above?
A. To tell what happened
B. To amuse the reader
C. To describe a particular thing
D. To describe something in general

Jawaban: D

4. What is the generic structure of the text?
A. Orientation – series of events – reorientation
B. Identification – description
C. General classification – description
D. General classification – indication

5. What is the topic of the text?
A. Crocodiles
B. Dinosaurs
C. Reptiles
D. Amphibians

Do Your Best

Kreator : Sitti Aman